Basic concepts of hubs switches gateways and routers pdf

Free cs computer networks gate test series mock test, with detail solution of each questions, topicwise objective solved questions of previous papers. Application layer protocols icmps, dns, smtp, pop, ftp. Even when the network is segmented, all nodes are still able to communicate with each other. At about the same time, hubs became less popular and have been largely replaced by l2 switches. As layer 2 protocols headers have no information about network of data packet so switches cannot forward data based or networks and that is the reason switches cannot be used with large networks that are divided in sub networks. Apr 15, 2010 internetworking with a router ieee 802. Basic switch configuration preparing for basic switch management in order to remotely manage a switch, it needs to be configured to access the network an ip address and a subnet mask must be configured if managing the switch from a remote network, a default gateway must also be configured the ip information address, subnet mask, gateway is.

Jan 30, 2014 hubs, switches and routers are devices that allow us to create networks and connect those networks to one another. Networking devices hub switch router modem bridges brouters gateways. What is the difference between a router and a gateway. When you go to a computer store to purchase a device.

Hubs get signal from computer and broadcast out all ports. A passive hub serves simply as a conduit for the data, enabling it to go from one device or segment to another. The twolayer switch performs at the physical and data link layers. The router works in the network layer of the osi model. Understanding these distinctions among them can be helpful to find the most appropriate device for your network. It can also perform basic routing functions between virtual lans. Sep 30, 2019 one way to think of a router is as a computer 2 that can be programmed to understand, manipulate, and act on the data it handles. Routers might have a single wan port and a single lan port and are designed to connect an existing lan hub or switch to a wan. Hub switch and router are the most commonly used networking devices that are used to connect nodes such as pc, printer, scanner, projector, etc in a network.

Hubs, switches, and routers are all computer networking devices with varying capabilities. In contrast, switches and hubs are not capable of joining multiple networks or sharing an internet connection. A network with only switches and hubs must instead designate one computer as the gateway to the internet, and. In basic terms, a switch will add multiple lan cable connections to a router think of it like apower bar. Basic network switches like those used in consumer routers require no special configuration beyond plugging in cables and power. Network devices hub, repeater, bridge, switch, router, gateways. Basic network attacks in computer network circuit switching in computer network packet switching and delays in computer network routing vs routed. If you have an older network that uses hubs and seems to run slowly, you can probably improve the networks speed by replacing the older hubs with newer switches. Repeaters get signal and repeat it think passing a ball down a line of people to prevent data loss from attenuation. How to connect to an ethernet device for communication. Tech talker explains what these devices are, what they do, and which are best for your homes computer network.

A hub is to sent out a message from one port to other ports. We explain how they work and what their individual differences are. A network is a collection of computers or other devices. Computer network devices hub, switch, router, bridges, network. Also, we want to explain in what scenarios we might use one device over the other and why. Certiologys computer network devices tutorial explains hub, switch, router, modem. The functions of the three devices are all quite different from one another, even if sometimes they are all integrated into a single device. The switch works in the data link layer and network layer of the osi model. With a router, all home computers connect to the router as peers, and the router handles all such internet gateway functions.

Afcat ekt engineering knowledge test syllabus and exam. Most large networks use switches rather than hubs to connect computers within the same subnet. The switch can decide where to send the mail based on the address. Hubs connect multiple computer networking devices together. Network security basic concepts of a public key and private key cryptography. The function and operation of a hub, a switch, and a router the function and operation of layer 2 switching, layer 3 switching, and routing the osi model functionality of lan, man and wan networks possible media types for lan and wan connections the function and definition of firewalls and gateways. Switches use mac address tables to forward ethernet frames and routers use a routing table to learn where to forward ip packets to. Switches get signal from source, send data to another source. The nielit syllabus for scientist b can be downloaded as pdf file by aspirants from this section. In this video, you will get an idea how hubs, switches, gateways and routers are working. Today, home network switches and routers are much easier to use and cheaper, which is why network hubs are rarely used or found anymore. Nielit scientist b exam date will be announced soon in nielit. All but the most basic of networks require devices to provide connectivity and. Understanding ethernet switches and routers this extended article was based on a twopart article that was written by george thomas of contemporary controls and appeared in the february and march 2011 issues of intech magazine an isa publication.

Routers connect two or more logical subnets, which do not necessarily map onetoone to the physical. However, there are several differences between hub and switch. While hubs were limited to halfduplex communication, switches can operate in fullduplex. Hubs are used to build a lan by connecting different computers in a starhierarchal network topology. Routers get signal from source, send to another source on a more complex level. Explain in detail repeater, hub, bridges, routers, gateway, switches. The implication is that remote relay devices use some form of routing and some. Lan switches are an expansion of the concept in lan bridging, which controls data flow, handles transmission errors, provides physical addressing, and manages access to the physical medium. Lans without being physically divided up by routers. Hub is used to connect devices to the same network. Computers talk to each other and the web in a variety of ways. Describe how hubs and switches work explain how hubs and switches can be connected to create larger networks describe how bridges, routers, and gateways work describe how routing protocols are used for dynamic routing explain the purpose of other networking components such as channel service unitdigital. Unmanaged switches are typically for basic connectivity. A gateway is normally a computer that operates in all five layers of the internet or seven layers of osi model.

This has made the whole concept of a collision domain somewhat historical. Networking devices hub switch router modem bridges. Compared to these unmanaged switches, highend devices used on enterprise networks support a range of advanced features. The difference between hubs, bridges, switches and gateways. Computer networks problem solutions 4th ed 2003 andrew tanenbaum prentice hall. N a t i o n a l i n f o rma t i cs c e n t re n i c. Youll often see them used in home networks or wherever a few more ports are needed, such as at your desk, in a lab, or in a conference room.

A storeandforward switch, on the other hand, accepts and. For home or small business networks, there are a large number of international companies specializing in the production of switches and hubs, such as belkin, linksys, and net gear. Transmits and receives data much like the switch, but is smarter it can remember what ports that each device is connected to, and can send messages to only the device intended to see the message. Wired connections use cables, such as twistedpair cables, coaxial cables and fiber optic cables. Network devicessuch as routers, firewalls, gateways, switches, hubs, and so forthcreate the infrastructure of local area networks on the corporate scale and the internet on the global scale. Hubs, switches, and routers are all devices that let you connect one or more computers to other computers, networked devices, or even other networks. Keywords switches, gateways, firewalls, lans, network topology. Network devices hub, repeater, bridge, switch, router, gateways and brouter. Routers and gateways are used to direct network traffic to the right place. Plugs in 1 outlet and has 5 or more thing you can plug in. In the past, network switches and routers were expensive, confusing, and hard to use for most users and most opted for network hubs. Ethernet switches and hubs can be connected to a router with multiple pc ports to expand a lan.

Lan switches can link four, six, ten or more networks together. Networking components and devices introduction pearson it. A hub is a very simple device called as dumb terminal, once it gets data packet sent from any computer, it does not check the destination address of that packet. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the.

Hub is a centralized device that connects multiple devices in a single lan network. Network hubs, switches and cablesthe hardware building blocks of any network. Computer networking devices explained with function. Wireless technologies, network security basic concepts of public key and private key cryptography, digital signature, firewalls. Clients and servershow services such as email and web pages connect using networks. Thus, switches create more collision domains, which results in fewer collisions. Nielit scientist b syllabus 2020 nic scientist b exam. Network devices hub, repeater, bridge, switch, router, gateways and brouter 1. What is the difference between a network hub, switch and router. Repeater a repeater operates at the physical layer. Compared to these unmanaged switches, highend devices used on enterprise networks support a range of advanced features designed to be controlled by a professional administrator. Yet most of us dont know what they are, or how they work.

Years ago, switches were expensive devices expensive enough that most doityourself networkers who were building small networks opted for thinnet cable in order to avoid the expense. If multiple networks are connected to a switch, you need to specify how the switch forwards the internetwork frames, because the path must be determined at layer three. Router vs switch vs hub vs modem vs access point vs gateway. Converged networks elements of a converged network collaboration is a requirement to support collaboration, networks employ converged solutions data services such as voice systems, ip phones, voice gateways, video support, and video conferencing call control, voice messaging, mobility and automated attendant are also common features. Network devices hub, repeater, bridge, switch, router. Difference between hub and switch with comparison chart. So, contestants should keep checking the website regularly to know exam date and hall ticket status. Explain in detail repeater, hub, bridges, routers, gateway. Network interface cards nics, isdn adapters, and system area network cards. An unmanaged network switch is designed so that you can simply plug them in and they work, no configuration required.

However, the strict definitions of the terms switch and router have blurred over time, which. What is the difference between switch, router and gateway. All the devices are gateways falling under different layers of osi model and have ability to translate between all the protocols. Like a hub, an ethernet switch is a device that gathers the signals from. Routers, switches and hubs in perspective switch switch hub hub s ws ws ws router hub s ws hub ws s hub ws ws hub ws s subnetwork 1 subnetwork 2 backbone 88. Routers for home networks often called broadband routers are designed specifically to join the home network to the internet for the purpose of internet connection sharing. Describe the function and operation of a firewall and a gateway. Difference between hub switch and router in a computer network and their functions. A wide range of devices are used in modern networking. Switches are a special type of hub that offers an additional layer of intelligence to basic, physicallayer repeater hubs.

Like hubs though, switches belong to only one broadcast domain. Ethernet switch vs router in tabular form download networking plus app. Understanding the basic security concepts of network and system devices network devicessuch as routers, firewalls, gateways, switches, hubs, and so forthcreate the infrastructure of local area networks on the corporate scale and the internet on the global scale. The differences between hub, switch and router is a confusing term for users. Wireless technologies, network security basic concepts of the public key and private key cryptography, digital. However, the cost of switches came down dramatically, pushing hubs into relic status.

Jan 07, 2015 difference between hub, bridge, switch and router common network environments, connectivity and security issues 07012015 akmalcikmat 2. Oct 31, 20 by tom s guide staff 31 october 20 hubs, switches and routers make computer networking, and the internet, possible. Feb 15, 2017 this post is going to explore the actual meanings of hub, switch, router and what they are used for. Devices connect to switches via twistedpair cabling, one cable for each device. We can have a twolayer switch or a threelayer switch. We want to discuss the differences between hubs, switches and routers and the role the play in networking. The dynamic host configuration protocol dhcp is a method used to automatically assign temporary ip addresses to devices as needed. A switch must be able to read the mac address of each frame it receives. In modern networks, a collision domain mostly consists of a single device attached to an l2. Hub is one of the basic icons of networking devices which works at. Depending on the capabilities kinds of available ports of the router and the switches or hubs, the connection between the. Wireless connections use radio waves, microwaves or infrared. Aug 25, 2018 the hub and switch are the networking devices which appear to be similar and physically used as a star topology.

Finally, well talk about modems and other networking terms like access points and gateways. Unlike bridges and switches, routers cannot compile routing tables from. As soon as you take a brand new router out of the box it will build a routing table but the only information youll find are the directly connected interfaces. Hubs and switches what is the difference between a hub and a switch, how do they work and could they be responsible for parts of the data transmission not working like it should. In order to do this, we are going to start from the beginning. Routers and switches are both computer networking devices that allow one or more computers to be connected to other computers, networked devices, or to other networks the functions of a router, switch and hub and are all different, even if at times they are integrated into a single device. Basic routing concepts and protocols explained this tutorial explains the basic concepts of routing protocols. Repeaters, hubs, bridges and switches are used to connect cables to form a network. Hubs vs switches vs routers networking device fundamentals. Gate cs computer networks online test gate test series. The previous book in this series, the packet guide to core network protocols, covered the ipv4 protocols, masking, and devices that are part of every network.

This communication is facilitated by routers, bridges, switches, and other hardware. Switches, unlike hubs, support full duplex data transfer communication for each connected device. We are going to start, slowly but surely, building a theoretical network in our minds. Learn the types, features, and functions of routing protocols and understand how routing protocols work. Learn the difference between hubs, bridges, switches and gateways aka known as backbones. Understanding the basic security concepts of network and. Basic concepts of hubs, switches, gateways and routers. Sep 20, 2017 data transfer within and between networks are assisted by various devices which we want to discuss. Routers and firewallshow to organize and control the flow of traffic on a network. The basic role of bridges in network architecture is storing and forwarding frames.

Describe the function and operation of a hub, a switch and a router. The devices that operate at the network layer are routers and layer 3 switches router layer 3 switch. Html5, css3, xml, basic concept of clientserver computing, web server, proxy server, web application development, mvc. Here in this post, i am going to explain to you about what is the difference between hub switch and router in tabular form. Difference between hub switch and router networking basics. Understanding the basic security concepts of network and system devices. These are more complex and more expensive than their physical layer counterparts, but they do have. Most people think of hubs and switches being kind of a multiple socket outlet for connecting computers. S1 is a layer 2 switch, so it makes forwarding decisions based on the layer 2 header. Join martin guidry for an indepth discussion in this video using hubs, switches, routers, and modems, part of setting up a smalloffice network. Switches provide these functions by using various linklayer protocols.

A twolayer switch is a bridge, a bridge with many ports and a design that allows better faster performance. Now its time to take on the routing and switching for the network. Each individual port on a switch belongs to its own collision domain. What is hubsrepeatersbridgesrouterswitches transceivers. Gateway is a device which is used to connect multiple networks and passes. It looks just like a switch, but works differently on the inside. Socalled intelligent hubs include additional features that enables an administrator to monitor the traffic passing through the hub and to configure each port in the hub.

A hub is an obsolete device that you would never want to buy these days. I hope this article will help you get clear about the knowledge of hub vs switch vs router and get able to choose the devices you need after reading this. In an ethernet network there are 4 devices that from the the outside look very similar. Networking basic concepts and fundamentals explained. A router is similar in a switch in that it forwards packets based on address. In a properly designed network, lan switches are responsible for directing and controlling the data the flow at the access layer to networked resources. Basics of tcpip, switching, routing and firewalling.

Hubs are layer1 devices that physically connect network devices together. Switching as a general concept a switch makes a decision based on ingress and destination port a lan switch keeps a table that it uses to determine how to forward traffic through the switch lan switches forward ethernet frames based on the destination mac address of the frames. A switch still connects all nodes to each other, like a hub, but is more intelligent in which messages are passed on to which node. Identify the purpose, features, and functions of the following network components. Hub hub is known as the most simplest amongst these device in general, hub is the central part of a wheel where the spokes come together. Difference between hub switch and router network device. A network switch also connects computers to each other, like. If you use twistedpair cabling, you need to know some of the ins and outs of using hubs. This tutorial is made to provide you enough basic knowledge about the some very important networking devices such as network interface card nic adapters, routers, hubs, switches, modems, communication cables, lanwan routers, gateway and other important networking devices. The prior difference is that logically the hub works like a bus where the same signal is transmitted to all the connections. Next, well talk about routers and why they are different than switches and hubs. The difference between hubs and switches is in how the devices deal with the data that they receive. A complete syllabus of this is given in the pdf below. Repeaters, hubs, bridges, and routers class 5 lan extension and switching.